mirror of
https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes.git
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Abbreviation, structure
This commit is contained in:
Teiva Harsanyi
parent
f8160ca53d
commit
61fa4e35f6
22 changed files with 4573 additions and 3400 deletions
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@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ title: Interface pollution (#5)
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comments: true
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hide:
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- toc
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status: new
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---
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# Interface pollution
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@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ title: Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
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comments: true
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hide:
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- toc
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status: new
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---
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# Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing
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@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
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---
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comments: true
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status: new
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---
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# Common Go Mistakes
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@ -18,7 +19,7 @@ This page is a summary of the mistakes in the [100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid
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You're viewing a beta version enriched with significantly more content. However, this version is not yet complete, and I'm looking for volunteers to help me summarize the remaining mistakes ([GitHub issue #43](https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/issues/43)).
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Progress:
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<progress value="80" max="100"/>
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<progress value="81" max="100"/>
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## Code and Project Organization
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@ -187,8 +188,8 @@ type Bar struct {
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In the `Foo` struct, the `Bar` type is declared without an associated name; hence, it’s an embedded field.
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We use embedding to promote the fields and methods of an embedded type. Because Bar contains a Baz field, this field is
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promoted to `Foo`. Therefore, Baz becomes available from Foo.
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We use embedding to promote the fields and methods of an embedded type. Because `Bar` contains a `Baz` field, this field is
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promoted to `Foo`. Therefore, `Baz` becomes available from `Foo`.
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What can we say about type embedding? First, let’s note that it’s rarely a necessity, and it means that whatever the use case, we can probably solve it as well without type embedding. Type embedding is mainly used for convenience: in most cases, to promote behaviors.
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@ -592,7 +593,7 @@ This code updates the last index to 10. However, if we run this code, it does no
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[:simple-github: Source code](https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/tree/master/src/04-control-structures/31-range-loop-arg-evaluation/)
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### Ignoring the impacts of using pointer elements in `range` loops (#32)
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### :warning: Ignoring the impacts of using pointer elements in `range` loops (#32)
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???+ warning
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@ -1333,7 +1334,7 @@ In summary, when we work in concurrent applications, it’s essential to underst
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???+ info "TL;DR"
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When creating a certain number of goroutines, consider the workload type. Creating CPU-bound goroutines means bounding this number close to the `GOMAXPROCS` variable (based by default on the number of CPU cores on the host). Creating I/O-bound goroutines depends on other factors, such as the external system.
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When creating a certain number of goroutines, consider the workload type. Creating CPU-bound goroutines means bounding this number close to the GOMAXPROCS variable (based by default on the number of CPU cores on the host). Creating I/O-bound goroutines depends on other factors, such as the external system.
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In programming, the execution time of a workload is limited by one of the following:
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@ -1511,7 +1512,7 @@ In summary, let’s be mindful that a goroutine is a resource like any other tha
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[:simple-github: Source code](https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/tree/master/src/09-concurrency-practice/62-starting-goroutine/)
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### Not being careful with goroutines and loop variables (#63)
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### :warning: Not being careful with goroutines and loop variables (#63)
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???+ warning
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@ -2241,7 +2242,7 @@ Let’s make sure we are comfortable reading these messages. Go always logs the
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* Where accesses occur in the code: in this case, lines 9 and 10.
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* When these goroutines were created: goroutine 7 was created in main().
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In addition, if a specific file contains tests that lead to data races, we can (temporarily! :wink:) exclude it from race detection using the `!race` build tag:
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In addition, if a specific file contains tests that lead to data races, we can exclude it :material-information-outline:{ title="temporarily! 😉" } from race detection using the `!race` build tag:
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```go
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//go:build !race
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@ -2389,7 +2390,7 @@ Read the full section [here](92-false-sharing.md).
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???+ info "TL;DR"
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Use instruction-level parallelism (ILP) to optimize specific parts of your code to allow a CPU to execute as many parallel instructions as possible. Identifying data hazards is one of the main steps.
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Use ILP to optimize specific parts of your code to allow a CPU to execute as many parallel instructions as possible. Identifying data hazards is one of the main steps.
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[:simple-github: Source code](https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/tree/master/src/12-optimizations/93-instruction-level-parallelism/)
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@ -2443,9 +2444,9 @@ Read the full section [here](98-profiling-execution-tracing.md).
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To help avoid CPU throttling when deployed in Docker and Kubernetes, keep in mind that Go isn’t CFS-aware.
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The `GOMAXPROCS` variable defines the limit of OS threads in charge of executing user-level code simultaneously. By default, it's set to the number of OS-apparent logical CPU cores.
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By default, GOMAXPROCS is set to the number of OS-apparent logical CPU cores.
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When running some Go code inside Docker and Kubernetes, we must know that Go isn't CFS-aware ([github.com/golang/go/issues/33803](https://github.com/golang/go/issues/33803)). Therefore, `GOMAXPROCS` isn't automatically set to the value of `spec.containers.resources.limits.cpu` (see [Kubernetes Resource Management for Pods and Containers](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-containers/)); instead, it's set to the number of logical cores on the host machine. The main implication is that it can lead to an increased tail latency in some specific situations.
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When running some Go code inside Docker and Kubernetes, we must know that Go isn't CFS-aware ([github.com/golang/go/issues/33803](https://github.com/golang/go/issues/33803)). Therefore, GOMAXPROCS isn't automatically set to the value of `spec.containers.resources.limits.cpu` (see [Kubernetes Resource Management for Pods and Containers](https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-containers/)); instead, it's set to the number of logical cores on the host machine. The main implication is that it can lead to an increased tail latency in some specific situations.
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One solution is to rely on [uber-go/automaxprocs](https://github.com/uber-go/automaxprocs) that automatically set `GOMAXPROCS` to match the Linux container CPU quota.
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4
includes/abbreviations.md
Normal file
4
includes/abbreviations.md
Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
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*[GC]: Garbage Collector
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*[ILP]: Instruction-Level Parallelism
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*[CFS]: Completely Fair Scheduler
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*[GOMAXPROCS]: The variable defines the limit of OS threads in charge of executing user-level code simultaneously
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21
mkdocs.yml
21
mkdocs.yml
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@ -23,6 +23,7 @@ theme:
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- navigation.tracking
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- toc.follow
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- content.code.annotate
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- content.tooltips
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palette:
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# Palette toggle for light mode
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- scheme: default
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@ -62,17 +63,13 @@ extra:
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social:
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- icon: fontawesome/brands/twitter
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link: https://twitter.com/teivah
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status:
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new: New content
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extra_css:
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- stylesheets/extra.css
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nav:
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- Book:
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- book.md
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- chapter-1.md
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- external.md
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- Go Mistakes:
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- index.md
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- '简体中文': zh.md
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- '日本語': ja.md
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- Full Sections:
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- 5-interface-pollution.md
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- 9-generics.md
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@ -82,7 +79,15 @@ nav:
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- 89-benchmarks.md
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- 92-false-sharing.md
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- 98-profiling-execution-tracing.md
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- Translations:
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- '简体中文': zh.md
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- '日本語': ja.md
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- Book Details:
|
||||
- book.md
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- chapter-1.md
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- external.md
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markdown_extensions:
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- abbr
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- admonition
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- pymdownx.details
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- pymdownx.highlight:
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@ -91,7 +96,9 @@ markdown_extensions:
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pygments_lang_class: true
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- pymdownx.highlight
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- pymdownx.inlinehilite
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- pymdownx.snippets
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- pymdownx.snippets:
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auto_append:
|
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- includes/abbreviations.md
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- pymdownx.superfences
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- tables
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- attr_list
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@ -300,24 +300,6 @@
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||||
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<li class="md-tabs__item">
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<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
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|
||||
|
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Book
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
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</li>
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@ -335,6 +317,24 @@
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<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
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<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
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||||
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
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</ul>
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</div>
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</nav>
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@ -391,118 +391,6 @@
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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||||
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
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||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Book
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</span>
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||||
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||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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</label>
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||||
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||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
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||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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Book
|
||||
</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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||||
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
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</span>
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</a>
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</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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Read the First Chapter
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||||
</span>
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||||
|
||||
</a>
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||||
</li>
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
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External Resources
|
||||
</span>
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||||
|
||||
</a>
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||||
</li>
|
||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
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||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
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||||
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</li>
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@ -523,10 +411,10 @@
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||||
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||||
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||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
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@ -537,8 +425,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
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||||
Go Mistakes
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||||
</label>
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||||
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|
@ -558,47 +446,13 @@
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Common Go Mistakes
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</span>
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||||
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||||
</a>
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||||
</li>
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||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
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||||
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||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
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||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
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||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
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|
@ -631,10 +485,10 @@
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|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_2" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_2" id="__nav_1_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -645,8 +499,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -666,6 +520,14 @@
|
|||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -802,6 +664,14 @@
|
|||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -835,6 +705,213 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_3" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_3" id="__nav_1_3_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_3">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -928,7 +1005,7 @@
|
|||
</p>
|
||||
<figcaption>Figure 4: Because the initial backing array is full, Go creates another array and copies all the elements.</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p>The slice now references the new backing array. What will happen to the previous backing array? If it’s no longer referenced, it’s eventually freed by the garbage collector (GC) if allocated on the heap. (We discuss heap memory in mistake #95, “<a href="https://100go.co#not-understanding-stack-vs-heap-95">Not understanding stack vs. heap</a>,” and we look at how the GC works in mistake #99, “<a href="https://100go.co#not-understanding-how-the-gc-works-99">Not understanding how the GC works</a>.”)</p>
|
||||
<p>The slice now references the new backing array. What will happen to the previous backing array? If it’s no longer referenced, it’s eventually freed by the garbage collector (<abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr>) if allocated on the heap. (We discuss heap memory in mistake #95, “<a href="https://100go.co#not-understanding-stack-vs-heap-95">Not understanding stack vs. heap</a>,” and we look at how the <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> works in mistake #99, “<a href="https://100go.co#not-understanding-how-the-gc-works-99">Not understanding how the <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> works</a>.”)</p>
|
||||
<p>What happens with slicing? Slicing is an operation done on an array or a slice, providing a half-open range; the first index is included, whereas the second is excluded. The following example shows the impact, and figure 5 displays the result in memory:</p>
|
||||
<div class="language-go highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-5-1"><a id="__codelineno-5-1" name="__codelineno-5-1" href="#__codelineno-5-1"></a><span class="nx">s1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">([]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="mi">6</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Three-length, six-capacity slice</span>
|
||||
</span><span id="__span-5-2"><a id="__codelineno-5-2" name="__codelineno-5-2" href="#__codelineno-5-2"></a><span class="nx">s2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">:=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">s1</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">3</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="c1">// Slicing from indices 1 to 3</span>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1099,7 +1176,7 @@
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate", "content.tooltips"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../assets/javascripts/bundle.8fd75fb4.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -300,24 +300,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -335,6 +317,24 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
|
@ -391,118 +391,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -523,10 +411,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -537,8 +425,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -558,47 +446,13 @@
|
|||
Common Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
|
@ -631,10 +485,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_2" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_2" id="__nav_1_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -645,8 +499,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -666,6 +520,14 @@
|
|||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -802,6 +664,14 @@
|
|||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -835,6 +705,213 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_3" >
|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_3" id="__nav_1_3_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</span>
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
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|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_3">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Translations
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
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</li>
|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
|
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|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -893,7 +970,7 @@
|
|||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>Allocate an empty map.</li>
|
||||
<li>Add 1 million elements.</li>
|
||||
<li>Remove all the elements, and run a Garbage Collection (GC).</li>
|
||||
<li>Remove all the elements, and run a Garbage Collection (<abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr>).</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<p>After each step, we want to print the size of the heap (using a <code>printAlloc</code> utility function). This shows us how this example behaves memory-wise:</p>
|
||||
<div class="language-go highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-1-1"><a id="__codelineno-1-1" name="__codelineno-1-1" href="#__codelineno-1-1"></a><span class="kd">func</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">main</span><span class="p">()</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="p">{</span>
|
||||
|
|
@ -921,12 +998,12 @@
|
|||
</span><span id="__span-1-23"><a id="__codelineno-1-23" name="__codelineno-1-23" href="#__codelineno-1-23"></a><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Printf</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"%d MB\n"</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">m</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Alloc</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="o">*</span><span class="mi">1024</span><span class="p">))</span>
|
||||
</span><span id="__span-1-24"><a id="__codelineno-1-24" name="__codelineno-1-24" href="#__codelineno-1-24"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||||
<p>We allocate an empty map, add 1 million elements, remove 1 million elements, and then run a GC. We also make sure to keep a reference to the map using <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/runtime#KeepAlive"><code>runtime.KeepAlive</code></a> so that the map isn’t collected as well. Let’s run this example:</p>
|
||||
<p>We allocate an empty map, add 1 million elements, remove 1 million elements, and then run a <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr>. We also make sure to keep a reference to the map using <a href="https://pkg.go.dev/runtime#KeepAlive"><code>runtime.KeepAlive</code></a> so that the map isn’t collected as well. Let’s run this example:</p>
|
||||
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-2-1"><a id="__codelineno-2-1" name="__codelineno-2-1" href="#__codelineno-2-1"></a>0 MB <-- After m is allocated
|
||||
</span><span id="__span-2-2"><a id="__codelineno-2-2" name="__codelineno-2-2" href="#__codelineno-2-2"></a>461 MB <-- After we add 1 million elements
|
||||
</span><span id="__span-2-3"><a id="__codelineno-2-3" name="__codelineno-2-3" href="#__codelineno-2-3"></a>293 MB <-- After we remove 1 million elements
|
||||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||||
<p>What can we observe? At first, the heap size is minimal. Then it grows significantly after having added 1 million elements to the map. But if we expected the heap size to decrease after removing all the elements, this isn’t how maps work in Go. In the end, even though the GC has collected all the elements, the heap size is still 293 MB. So the memory shrunk, but not as we might have expected. What’s the rationale? We need to delve into how a map works in Go.</p>
|
||||
<p>What can we observe? At first, the heap size is minimal. Then it grows significantly after having added 1 million elements to the map. But if we expected the heap size to decrease after removing all the elements, this isn’t how maps work in Go. In the end, even though the <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> has collected all the elements, the heap size is still 293 MB. So the memory shrunk, but not as we might have expected. What’s the rationale? We need to delve into how a map works in Go.</p>
|
||||
<p>A map provides an unordered collection of key-value pairs in which all the keys are distinct. In Go, a map is based on the hash table data structure: an array where each element is a pointer to a bucket of key-value pairs, as shown in figure 1.</p>
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../img/map-leak-1.png" data-type="image" data-width="auto" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="" src="../img/map-leak-1.png" /></a>
|
||||
|
|
@ -948,7 +1025,7 @@
|
|||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||||
<p>After adding 1 million elements, the value of B equals 18, which means 2¹⁸ = 262,144 buckets. When we remove 1 million elements, what’s the value of B? Still 18. Hence, the map still contains the same number of buckets.</p>
|
||||
<p>The reason is that the number of buckets in a map cannot shrink. Therefore, removing elements from a map doesn’t impact the number of existing buckets; it just zeroes the slots in the buckets. A map can only grow and have more buckets; it never shrinks.</p>
|
||||
<p>In the previous example, we went from 461 MB to 293 MB because the elements were collected, but running the GC didn’t impact the map itself. Even the number of extra buckets (the buckets created because of overflows) remains the same.</p>
|
||||
<p>In the previous example, we went from 461 MB to 293 MB because the elements were collected, but running the <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> didn’t impact the map itself. Even the number of extra buckets (the buckets created because of overflows) remains the same.</p>
|
||||
<p>Let’s take a step back and discuss when the fact that a map cannot shrink can be a problem. Imagine building a cache using a <code>map[int][128]byte</code>. This map holds per customer ID (the <code>int</code>), a sequence of 128 bytes. Now, suppose we want to save the last 1,000 customers. The map size will remain constant, so we shouldn’t worry about the fact that a map cannot shrink.</p>
|
||||
<p>However, let’s say we want to store one hour of data. Meanwhile, our company has decided to have a big promotion for Black Friday: in one hour, we may have millions of customers connected to our system. But a few days after Black Friday, our map will contain the same number of buckets as during the peak time. This explains why we can experience high memory consumption that doesn’t significantly decrease in such a scenario.</p>
|
||||
<p>What are the solutions if we don’t want to manually restart our service to clean the amount of memory consumed by the map? One solution could be to re-create a copy of the current map at a regular pace. For example, every hour, we can build a new map, copy all the elements, and release the previous one. The main drawback of this option is that following the copy and until the next garbage collection, we may consume twice the current memory for a short period.</p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -974,7 +1051,7 @@
|
|||
<td>182 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td>Remove all the elements and run a GC</td>
|
||||
<td>Remove all the elements and run a <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr></td>
|
||||
<td>293 MB</td>
|
||||
<td>38 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1110,7 +1187,7 @@
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate", "content.tooltips"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../assets/javascripts/bundle.8fd75fb4.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
396
site/404.html
396
site/404.html
|
|
@ -258,10 +258,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="/book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
<a href="/." class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -276,10 +276,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="/." class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
<a href="/book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -365,7 +365,7 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -374,118 +374,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="/book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="/chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="/external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -505,47 +393,13 @@
|
|||
Common Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="/zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="/ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
|
@ -575,10 +429,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" >
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_2" id="__nav_1_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -589,8 +443,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -610,6 +464,14 @@
|
|||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -736,6 +598,14 @@
|
|||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -772,6 +642,210 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_3" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_3" id="__nav_1_3_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_3">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="/zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="/ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="/book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="/chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="/external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -861,7 +935,7 @@
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "/", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate"], "search": "/assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "/", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate", "content.tooltips"], "search": "/assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="/assets/javascripts/bundle.8fd75fb4.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
|
|||
<link rel="canonical" href="https://100go.co/5-interface-pollution/">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="prev" href="../ja/">
|
||||
<link rel="prev" href="..">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="next" href="../9-generics/">
|
||||
|
|
@ -300,24 +300,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -335,6 +317,24 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
|
@ -391,118 +391,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -523,10 +411,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -537,8 +425,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -558,47 +446,13 @@
|
|||
Common Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
|
@ -631,10 +485,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_2" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_2" id="__nav_1_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -645,8 +499,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -675,6 +529,14 @@
|
|||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -686,6 +548,14 @@
|
|||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -892,6 +762,14 @@
|
|||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -925,6 +803,213 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_3" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_3" id="__nav_1_3_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_3">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1351,7 +1436,7 @@
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate", "content.tooltips"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../assets/javascripts/bundle.8fd75fb4.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -300,24 +300,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -335,6 +317,24 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
|
@ -391,118 +391,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -523,10 +411,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -537,8 +425,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -558,47 +446,13 @@
|
|||
Common Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
|
@ -631,10 +485,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_2" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_2" id="__nav_1_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -645,8 +499,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -666,6 +520,14 @@
|
|||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -859,6 +721,14 @@
|
|||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -892,6 +762,213 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_3" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_3" id="__nav_1_3_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_3">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1005,7 +1082,7 @@
|
|||
<li><em>M</em> — OS thread (stands for machine)</li>
|
||||
<li><em>P</em> — CPU core (stands for processor)</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p>Each OS thread (M) is assigned to a CPU core (P) by the OS scheduler. Then, each goroutine (G) runs on an M. The GOMAXPROCS variable defines the limit of Ms in charge of executing user-level code simultaneously. But if a thread is blocked in a system call (for example, I/O), the scheduler can spin up more Ms. As of Go 1.5, GOMAXPROCS is by default equal to the number of available CPU cores.</p>
|
||||
<p>Each OS thread (M) is assigned to a CPU core (P) by the OS scheduler. Then, each goroutine (G) runs on an M. The <abbr title="The variable defines the limit of OS threads in charge of executing user-level code simultaneously">GOMAXPROCS</abbr> variable defines the limit of Ms in charge of executing user-level code simultaneously. But if a thread is blocked in a system call (for example, I/O), the scheduler can spin up more Ms. As of Go 1.5, <abbr title="The variable defines the limit of OS threads in charge of executing user-level code simultaneously">GOMAXPROCS</abbr> is by default equal to the number of available CPU cores.</p>
|
||||
<p>A goroutine has a simpler lifecycle than an OS thread. It can be doing one of the following:</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li><em>Executing</em> — The goroutine is scheduled on an M and executing its instructions.</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1013,13 +1090,13 @@
|
|||
<li><em>Waiting</em> — The goroutine is stopped and pending something completing, such as a system call or a synchronization operation (such as acquiring a mutex).</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p>There’s one last stage to understand about the implementation of Go scheduling: when a goroutine is created but cannot be executed yet; for example, all the other Ms are already executing a G. In this scenario, what will the Go runtime do about it? The answer is queuing. The Go runtime handles two kinds of queues: one local queue per P and a global queue shared among all the Ps.</p>
|
||||
<p>Figure 1 shows a given scheduling situation on a four-core machine with GOMAXPROCS equal to 4. The parts are the logical cores (Ps), goroutines (Gs), OS threads (Ms), local queues, and global queue:</p>
|
||||
<p>Figure 1 shows a given scheduling situation on a four-core machine with <abbr title="The variable defines the limit of OS threads in charge of executing user-level code simultaneously">GOMAXPROCS</abbr> equal to 4. The parts are the logical cores (Ps), goroutines (Gs), OS threads (Ms), local queues, and global queue:</p>
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../img/go-scheduler.png" data-type="image" data-width="auto" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="" src="../img/go-scheduler.png" /></a>
|
||||
</p>
|
||||
<figcaption>Figure 1: An example of the current state of a Go application executed on a four-core machine. Goroutines that aren’t in an executing state are either runnable (pending being executed) or waiting (pending a blocking operation)</figcaption>
|
||||
</figure>
|
||||
<p>First, we can see five Ms, whereas GOMAXPROCS is set to 4. But as we mentioned, if needed, the Go runtime can create more OS threads than the GOMAXPROCS value.</p>
|
||||
<p>First, we can see five Ms, whereas <abbr title="The variable defines the limit of OS threads in charge of executing user-level code simultaneously">GOMAXPROCS</abbr> is set to 4. But as we mentioned, if needed, the Go runtime can create more OS threads than the <abbr title="The variable defines the limit of OS threads in charge of executing user-level code simultaneously">GOMAXPROCS</abbr> value.</p>
|
||||
<p>P0, P1, and P3 are currently busy executing Go runtime threads. But P2 is presently idle as M3 is switched off P2, and there’s no goroutine to be executed. This isn’t a good situation because six runnable goroutines are pending being executed, some in the global queue and some in other local queues. How will the Go runtime handle this situation? Here’s the scheduling implementation in pseudocode (see <a href="https://github.com/golang/go/blob/go1.17.6/src/runtime/proc.go#L3291">proc.go</a>):</p>
|
||||
<div class="language-text highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-0-1"><a id="__codelineno-0-1" name="__codelineno-0-1" href="#__codelineno-0-1"></a>runtime.schedule() {
|
||||
</span><span id="__span-0-2"><a id="__codelineno-0-2" name="__codelineno-0-2" href="#__codelineno-0-2"></a> // Only 1/61 of the time, check the global runnable queue for a G.
|
||||
|
|
@ -1261,7 +1338,7 @@
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate", "content.tooltips"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../assets/javascripts/bundle.8fd75fb4.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -300,24 +300,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -335,6 +317,24 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
|
@ -391,118 +391,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -523,10 +411,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -537,8 +425,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -558,47 +446,13 @@
|
|||
Common Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
|
@ -631,10 +485,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_2" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_2" id="__nav_1_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -645,8 +499,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -666,6 +520,14 @@
|
|||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -877,6 +739,14 @@
|
|||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -910,6 +780,213 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_3" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_3" id="__nav_1_3_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_3">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1403,7 +1480,7 @@
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate", "content.tooltips"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../assets/javascripts/bundle.8fd75fb4.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -300,24 +300,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -335,6 +317,24 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
|
@ -391,118 +391,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -523,10 +411,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -537,8 +425,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -558,47 +446,13 @@
|
|||
Common Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
|
@ -631,10 +485,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_2" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_2" id="__nav_1_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -645,8 +499,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -666,6 +520,14 @@
|
|||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -859,6 +721,14 @@
|
|||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -892,6 +762,213 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_3" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_3" id="__nav_1_3_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_3">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1260,7 +1337,7 @@
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate", "content.tooltips"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../assets/javascripts/bundle.8fd75fb4.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -300,24 +300,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -335,6 +317,24 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
|
@ -391,118 +391,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -523,10 +411,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -537,8 +425,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -558,47 +446,13 @@
|
|||
Common Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
|
@ -631,10 +485,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_2" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_2" id="__nav_1_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -645,8 +499,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -666,6 +520,14 @@
|
|||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -801,6 +663,14 @@
|
|||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -835,6 +705,213 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_3" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_3" id="__nav_1_3_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_3">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1096,7 +1173,7 @@
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate", "content.tooltips"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../assets/javascripts/bundle.8fd75fb4.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -14,6 +14,8 @@
|
|||
<link rel="prev" href="../92-false-sharing/">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="next" href="../zh/">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="icon" href="../img/Go-Logo_LightBlue.svg">
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.5.3, mkdocs-material-9.5.11">
|
||||
|
|
@ -298,24 +300,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -333,6 +317,24 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
|
@ -389,118 +391,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -521,10 +411,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -535,8 +425,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -556,47 +446,13 @@
|
|||
Common Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
|
@ -629,10 +485,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_2" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_2" id="__nav_1_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -643,8 +499,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -664,6 +520,14 @@
|
|||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -790,6 +654,14 @@
|
|||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -941,6 +813,213 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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Translations
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Translations
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|
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<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
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|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
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|
||||
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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日本語
|
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</span>
|
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|
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|
||||
</a>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</nav>
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</nav>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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Book Details
|
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Book Details
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|
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<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1165,19 +1244,19 @@
|
|||
<li><code>inuse_object</code>s — Number of objects allocated and not yet released</li>
|
||||
<li><code>inuse_space</code>— Amount of memory allocated and not yet released</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p>Another very helpful capability with heap profiling is tracking memory leaks. With a GC-based language, the usual procedure is the following:</p>
|
||||
<p>Another very helpful capability with heap profiling is tracking memory leaks. With a <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr>-based language, the usual procedure is the following:</p>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>Trigger a GC.</li>
|
||||
<li>Trigger a <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr>.</li>
|
||||
<li>Download heap data.</li>
|
||||
<li>Wait for a few seconds/minutes.</li>
|
||||
<li>Trigger another GC.</li>
|
||||
<li>Trigger another <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr>.</li>
|
||||
<li>Download another heap data.</li>
|
||||
<li>Compare.</li>
|
||||
</ol>
|
||||
<p>Forcing a GC before downloading data is a way to prevent false assumptions. For example, if we see a peak of retained objects without running a GC first, we cannot be sure whether it’s a leak or objects that the next GC will collect.</p>
|
||||
<p>Using <code>pprof</code>, we can download a heap profile and force a GC in the meantime. The procedure in Go is the following:</p>
|
||||
<p>Forcing a <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> before downloading data is a way to prevent false assumptions. For example, if we see a peak of retained objects without running a <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> first, we cannot be sure whether it’s a leak or objects that the next <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> will collect.</p>
|
||||
<p>Using <code>pprof</code>, we can download a heap profile and force a <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> in the meantime. The procedure in Go is the following:</p>
|
||||
<ol>
|
||||
<li>Go to /debug/pprof/heap?gc=1 (trigger the GC and download the heap profile).</li>
|
||||
<li>Go to /debug/pprof/heap?gc=1 (trigger the <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> and download the heap profile).</li>
|
||||
<li>Wait for a few seconds/minutes.</li>
|
||||
<li>Go to /debug/pprof/heap?gc=1 again.</li>
|
||||
<li>Use go tool to compare both heap profiles:</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1237,7 +1316,7 @@
|
|||
<h2 id="execution-tracer">Execution Tracer</h2>
|
||||
<p>The execution tracer is a tool that captures a wide range of runtime events with <code>go tool</code> to make them available for visualization. It is helpful for the following:</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
<li>Understanding runtime events such as how the GC performs</li>
|
||||
<li>Understanding runtime events such as how the <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> performs</li>
|
||||
<li>Understanding how goroutines execute</li>
|
||||
<li>Identifying poorly parallelized execution</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1256,7 +1335,7 @@
|
|||
</span><span id="__span-6-4"><a id="__codelineno-6-4" name="__codelineno-6-4" href="#__codelineno-6-4"></a>2021/11/26 21:37:00 Opening browser. Trace viewer is listening on
|
||||
</span><span id="__span-6-5"><a id="__codelineno-6-5" name="__codelineno-6-5" href="#__codelineno-6-5"></a> http://127.0.0.1:54518
|
||||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||||
<p>The web browser opens, and we can click View Trace to see all the traces during a specific timeframe, as shown in the next figure. This figure represents about 150 ms. We can see multiple helpful metrics, such as the goroutine count and the heap size. The heap size grows steadily until a GC is triggered. We can also observe the activity of the Go application per CPU core. The timeframe starts with user-level code; then a “stop the
|
||||
<p>The web browser opens, and we can click View Trace to see all the traces during a specific timeframe, as shown in the next figure. This figure represents about 150 ms. We can see multiple helpful metrics, such as the goroutine count and the heap size. The heap size grows steadily until a <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> is triggered. We can also observe the activity of the Go application per CPU core. The timeframe starts with user-level code; then a “stop the
|
||||
world” is executed, which occupies the four CPU cores for approximately 40 ms.</p>
|
||||
<figure>
|
||||
<p><a class="glightbox" href="../img/tracing.png" data-type="image" data-width="auto" data-height="auto" data-desc-position="bottom"><img alt="" src="../img/tracing.png" /></a>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1447,7 +1526,7 @@ world” is executed, which occupies the four CPU cores for approximately 40 ms.
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate", "content.tooltips"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../assets/javascripts/bundle.8fd75fb4.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
|
|||
<link rel="canonical" href="https://100go.co/book/">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="prev" href="../ja/">
|
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|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="next" href="../chapter-1/">
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -298,16 +300,14 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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Book
|
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Go Mistakes
|
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|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -318,14 +318,16 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<a href="./" class="md-tabs__link">
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|
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Go Mistakes
|
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Book Details
|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -389,6 +391,410 @@
|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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Go Mistakes
|
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</span>
|
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Go Mistakes
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</label>
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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|
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|
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Common Go Mistakes
|
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</span>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
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|
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Full Sections
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|
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|
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Interface pollution (#5)
|
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</span>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
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</span>
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|
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|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
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<a href="../9-generics/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Being confused about when to use generics (#9)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../20-slice/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
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|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not understanding slice length and capacity (#20)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../28-maps-memory-leaks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Maps and memory leaks (#28)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../56-concurrency-faster/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Thinking concurrency is always faster (#56)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../89-benchmarks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Writing inaccurate benchmarks (#89)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../92-false-sharing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../98-profiling-execution-tracing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not using Go diagnostics tooling (#98)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_3" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_3" id="__nav_1_3_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_3">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -409,24 +815,24 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -576,336 +982,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href=".." class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Common Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../5-interface-pollution/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../9-generics/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Being confused about when to use generics (#9)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../20-slice/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not understanding slice length and capacity (#20)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../28-maps-memory-leaks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Maps and memory leaks (#28)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../56-concurrency-faster/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Thinking concurrency is always faster (#56)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../89-benchmarks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Writing inaccurate benchmarks (#89)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../92-false-sharing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../98-profiling-execution-tracing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not using Go diagnostics tooling (#98)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1128,7 +1204,7 @@
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate", "content.tooltips"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../assets/javascripts/bundle.8fd75fb4.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -300,16 +300,14 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href=".." class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -320,14 +318,16 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href=".." class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -391,6 +391,410 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href=".." class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Common Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_2" id="__nav_1_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_2">
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Full Sections
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../5-interface-pollution/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
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||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../9-generics/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Being confused about when to use generics (#9)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../20-slice/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
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|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not understanding slice length and capacity (#20)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
||||
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../28-maps-memory-leaks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Maps and memory leaks (#28)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
||||
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../56-concurrency-faster/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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||||
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Thinking concurrency is always faster (#56)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../89-benchmarks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Writing inaccurate benchmarks (#89)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../92-false-sharing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
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</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../98-profiling-execution-tracing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not using Go diagnostics tooling (#98)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_3" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_3" id="__nav_1_3_label" tabindex="0">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Translations
|
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</span>
|
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|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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</label>
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_3">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Translations
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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简体中文
|
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</span>
|
||||
|
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|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
|
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|
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</li>
|
||||
|
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -411,24 +815,24 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" checked>
|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="">
|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Book
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -647,336 +1051,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
|
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|
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|
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
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|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href=".." class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Common Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
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|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Full Sections
|
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</span>
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Full Sections
|
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</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
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|
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|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../5-interface-pollution/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../9-generics/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Being confused about when to use generics (#9)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../20-slice/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not understanding slice length and capacity (#20)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../28-maps-memory-leaks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Maps and memory leaks (#28)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../56-concurrency-faster/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Thinking concurrency is always faster (#56)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../89-benchmarks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Writing inaccurate benchmarks (#89)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../92-false-sharing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../98-profiling-execution-tracing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not using Go diagnostics tooling (#98)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
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|
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</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1299,7 +1373,7 @@
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate", "content.tooltips"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../assets/javascripts/bundle.8fd75fb4.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
766
site/external/index.html
vendored
766
site/external/index.html
vendored
|
|
@ -14,8 +14,6 @@
|
|||
<link rel="prev" href="../chapter-1/">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="next" href="..">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="icon" href="../img/Go-Logo_LightBlue.svg">
|
||||
<meta name="generator" content="mkdocs-1.5.3, mkdocs-material-9.5.11">
|
||||
|
|
@ -300,16 +298,14 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href=".." class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -320,14 +316,16 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href=".." class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item md-tabs__item--active">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -389,6 +387,410 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href=".." class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Common Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_2" id="__nav_1_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../5-interface-pollution/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../9-generics/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Being confused about when to use generics (#9)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../20-slice/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not understanding slice length and capacity (#20)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../28-maps-memory-leaks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Maps and memory leaks (#28)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../56-concurrency-faster/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Thinking concurrency is always faster (#56)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../89-benchmarks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Writing inaccurate benchmarks (#89)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../92-false-sharing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../98-profiling-execution-tracing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not using Go diagnostics tooling (#98)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_3" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_3" id="__nav_1_3_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_3">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -409,24 +811,24 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -735,336 +1137,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href=".." class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Common Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../5-interface-pollution/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../9-generics/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Being confused about when to use generics (#9)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../20-slice/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not understanding slice length and capacity (#20)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../28-maps-memory-leaks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Maps and memory leaks (#28)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../56-concurrency-faster/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Thinking concurrency is always faster (#56)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../89-benchmarks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Writing inaccurate benchmarks (#89)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../92-false-sharing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../98-profiling-execution-tracing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not using Go diagnostics tooling (#98)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1420,7 +1492,7 @@
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate", "content.tooltips"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../assets/javascripts/bundle.8fd75fb4.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
485
site/index.html
485
site/index.html
|
|
@ -11,10 +11,8 @@
|
|||
<link rel="canonical" href="https://100go.co/">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="prev" href="external/">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="next" href="zh/">
|
||||
<link rel="next" href="5-interface-pollution/">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="icon" href="img/Go-Logo_LightBlue.svg">
|
||||
|
|
@ -300,24 +298,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -335,6 +315,24 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
|
@ -389,118 +387,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -521,10 +407,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -535,8 +421,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -565,6 +451,14 @@
|
|||
Common Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -576,6 +470,14 @@
|
|||
Common Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1806,48 +1708,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1866,10 +1726,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" >
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_2" id="__nav_1_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -1880,8 +1740,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1901,6 +1761,14 @@
|
|||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2027,6 +1895,14 @@
|
|||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -2060,6 +1936,213 @@
|
|||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_3" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_3" id="__nav_1_3_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_3_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_3">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
简体中文
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="ja/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
日本語
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -3322,7 +3405,7 @@
|
|||
<summary>Beta</summary>
|
||||
<p>You're viewing a beta version enriched with significantly more content. However, this version is not yet complete, and I'm looking for volunteers to help me summarize the remaining mistakes (<a href="https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/issues/43">GitHub issue #43</a>).</p>
|
||||
<p>Progress:
|
||||
<progress value="80" max="100"/></p>
|
||||
<progress value="81" max="100"/></p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<h2 id="code-and-project-organization">Code and Project Organization</h2>
|
||||
<h3 id="unintended-variable-shadowing-1">Unintended variable shadowing (#1)</h3>
|
||||
|
|
@ -3446,8 +3529,8 @@
|
|||
</span><span id="__span-4-7"><a id="__codelineno-4-7" name="__codelineno-4-7" href="#__codelineno-4-7"></a><span class="p">}</span>
|
||||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||||
<p>In the <code>Foo</code> struct, the <code>Bar</code> type is declared without an associated name; hence, it’s an embedded field.</p>
|
||||
<p>We use embedding to promote the fields and methods of an embedded type. Because Bar contains a Baz field, this field is
|
||||
promoted to <code>Foo</code>. Therefore, Baz becomes available from Foo.</p>
|
||||
<p>We use embedding to promote the fields and methods of an embedded type. Because <code>Bar</code> contains a <code>Baz</code> field, this field is
|
||||
promoted to <code>Foo</code>. Therefore, <code>Baz</code> becomes available from <code>Foo</code>.</p>
|
||||
<p>What can we say about type embedding? First, let’s note that it’s rarely a necessity, and it means that whatever the use case, we can probably solve it as well without type embedding. Type embedding is mainly used for convenience: in most cases, to promote behaviors.</p>
|
||||
<p>If we decide to use type embedding, we need to keep two main constraints in mind:</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
|
|
@ -3622,7 +3705,7 @@ Granularity is another essential thing to consider. We should avoid having dozen
|
|||
<summary>TL;DR</summary>
|
||||
<p>When creating a slice, initialize it with a given length or capacity if its length is already known. This reduces the number of allocations and improves performance.</p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<p>While initializing a slice using <code>make</code>, we can provide a length and an optional capacity. Forgetting to pass an appropriate value for both of these parameters when it makes sense is a widespread mistake. Indeed, it can lead to multiple copies and additional effort for the GC to clean the temporary backing arrays. Performance-wise, there’s no good reason not to give the Go runtime a helping hand.</p>
|
||||
<p>While initializing a slice using <code>make</code>, we can provide a length and an optional capacity. Forgetting to pass an appropriate value for both of these parameters when it makes sense is a widespread mistake. Indeed, it can lead to multiple copies and additional effort for the <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> to clean the temporary backing arrays. Performance-wise, there’s no good reason not to give the Go runtime a helping hand.</p>
|
||||
<p>Our options are to allocate a slice with either a given capacity or a given length. Of these two solutions, we have seen that the second tends to be slightly faster. But using a given capacity and append can be easier to implement and read in some contexts.</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/tree/master/src/03-data-types/21-slice-init/main.go"><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 .297c-6.63 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 5.303 3.438 9.8 8.205 11.385.6.113.82-.258.82-.577 0-.285-.01-1.04-.015-2.04-3.338.724-4.042-1.61-4.042-1.61C4.422 18.07 3.633 17.7 3.633 17.7c-1.087-.744.084-.729.084-.729 1.205.084 1.838 1.236 1.838 1.236 1.07 1.835 2.809 1.305 3.495.998.108-.776.417-1.305.76-1.605-2.665-.3-5.466-1.332-5.466-5.93 0-1.31.465-2.38 1.235-3.22-.135-.303-.54-1.523.105-3.176 0 0 1.005-.322 3.3 1.23.96-.267 1.98-.399 3-.405 1.02.006 2.04.138 3 .405 2.28-1.552 3.285-1.23 3.285-1.23.645 1.653.24 2.873.12 3.176.765.84 1.23 1.91 1.23 3.22 0 4.61-2.805 5.625-5.475 5.92.42.36.81 1.096.81 2.22 0 1.606-.015 2.896-.015 3.286 0 .315.21.69.825.57C20.565 22.092 24 17.592 24 12.297c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12"/></svg></span> Source code</a></p>
|
||||
<h3 id="being-confused-about-nil-vs-empty-slice-22">Being confused about nil vs. empty slice (#22)</h3>
|
||||
|
|
@ -3670,10 +3753,10 @@ Granularity is another essential thing to consider. We should avoid having dozen
|
|||
<p>Working with a slice of pointers or structs with pointer fields, you can avoid memory leaks by marking as nil the elements excluded by a slicing operation.</p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<h4 id="leaking-capacity">Leaking capacity</h4>
|
||||
<p>Remember that slicing a large slice or array can lead to potential high memory consumption. The remaining space won’t be reclaimed by the GC, and we can keep a large backing array despite using only a few elements. Using a slice copy is the solution to prevent such a case.</p>
|
||||
<p>Remember that slicing a large slice or array can lead to potential high memory consumption. The remaining space won’t be reclaimed by the <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr>, and we can keep a large backing array despite using only a few elements. Using a slice copy is the solution to prevent such a case.</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/tree/master/src/03-data-types/26-slice-memory-leak/capacity-leak"><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 .297c-6.63 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 5.303 3.438 9.8 8.205 11.385.6.113.82-.258.82-.577 0-.285-.01-1.04-.015-2.04-3.338.724-4.042-1.61-4.042-1.61C4.422 18.07 3.633 17.7 3.633 17.7c-1.087-.744.084-.729.084-.729 1.205.084 1.838 1.236 1.838 1.236 1.07 1.835 2.809 1.305 3.495.998.108-.776.417-1.305.76-1.605-2.665-.3-5.466-1.332-5.466-5.93 0-1.31.465-2.38 1.235-3.22-.135-.303-.54-1.523.105-3.176 0 0 1.005-.322 3.3 1.23.96-.267 1.98-.399 3-.405 1.02.006 2.04.138 3 .405 2.28-1.552 3.285-1.23 3.285-1.23.645 1.653.24 2.873.12 3.176.765.84 1.23 1.91 1.23 3.22 0 4.61-2.805 5.625-5.475 5.92.42.36.81 1.096.81 2.22 0 1.606-.015 2.896-.015 3.286 0 .315.21.69.825.57C20.565 22.092 24 17.592 24 12.297c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12"/></svg></span> Source code</a></p>
|
||||
<h4 id="slice-and-pointers">Slice and pointers</h4>
|
||||
<p>When we use the slicing operation with pointers or structs with pointer fields, we need to know that the GC won’t reclaim these elements. In that case, the two options are to either perform a copy or explicitly mark the remaining elements or their fields to <code>nil</code>.</p>
|
||||
<p>When we use the slicing operation with pointers or structs with pointer fields, we need to know that the <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> won’t reclaim these elements. In that case, the two options are to either perform a copy or explicitly mark the remaining elements or their fields to <code>nil</code>.</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/tree/master/src/03-data-types/26-slice-memory-leak/slice-pointers"><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 .297c-6.63 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 5.303 3.438 9.8 8.205 11.385.6.113.82-.258.82-.577 0-.285-.01-1.04-.015-2.04-3.338.724-4.042-1.61-4.042-1.61C4.422 18.07 3.633 17.7 3.633 17.7c-1.087-.744.084-.729.084-.729 1.205.084 1.838 1.236 1.838 1.236 1.07 1.835 2.809 1.305 3.495.998.108-.776.417-1.305.76-1.605-2.665-.3-5.466-1.332-5.466-5.93 0-1.31.465-2.38 1.235-3.22-.135-.303-.54-1.523.105-3.176 0 0 1.005-.322 3.3 1.23.96-.267 1.98-.399 3-.405 1.02.006 2.04.138 3 .405 2.28-1.552 3.285-1.23 3.285-1.23.645 1.653.24 2.873.12 3.176.765.84 1.23 1.91 1.23 3.22 0 4.61-2.805 5.625-5.475 5.92.42.36.81 1.096.81 2.22 0 1.606-.015 2.896-.015 3.286 0 .315.21.69.825.57C20.565 22.092 24 17.592 24 12.297c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12"/></svg></span> Source code</a></p>
|
||||
<h3 id="inefficient-map-initialization-27">Inefficient map initialization (#27)</h3>
|
||||
<details class="info" open="open">
|
||||
|
|
@ -3747,7 +3830,7 @@ One additional note: we must remember that the standard library has some existin
|
|||
</span></code></pre></div>
|
||||
<p>This code updates the last index to 10. However, if we run this code, it does not print 10; it prints 2.</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/tree/master/src/04-control-structures/31-range-loop-arg-evaluation/"><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 .297c-6.63 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 5.303 3.438 9.8 8.205 11.385.6.113.82-.258.82-.577 0-.285-.01-1.04-.015-2.04-3.338.724-4.042-1.61-4.042-1.61C4.422 18.07 3.633 17.7 3.633 17.7c-1.087-.744.084-.729.084-.729 1.205.084 1.838 1.236 1.838 1.236 1.07 1.835 2.809 1.305 3.495.998.108-.776.417-1.305.76-1.605-2.665-.3-5.466-1.332-5.466-5.93 0-1.31.465-2.38 1.235-3.22-.135-.303-.54-1.523.105-3.176 0 0 1.005-.322 3.3 1.23.96-.267 1.98-.399 3-.405 1.02.006 2.04.138 3 .405 2.28-1.552 3.285-1.23 3.285-1.23.645 1.653.24 2.873.12 3.176.765.84 1.23 1.91 1.23 3.22 0 4.61-2.805 5.625-5.475 5.92.42.36.81 1.096.81 2.22 0 1.606-.015 2.896-.015 3.286 0 .315.21.69.825.57C20.565 22.092 24 17.592 24 12.297c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12"/></svg></span> Source code</a></p>
|
||||
<h3 id="ignoring-the-impacts-of-using-pointer-elements-in-range-loops-32">Ignoring the impacts of using pointer elements in <code>range</code> loops (#32)</h3>
|
||||
<h3 id="ignoring-the-impacts-of-using-pointer-elements-in-range-loops-32"><img alt="⚠" class="twemoji" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@15.0.3/assets/svg/26a0.svg" title=":warning:" /> Ignoring the impacts of using pointer elements in <code>range</code> loops (#32)</h3>
|
||||
<details class="warning" open="open">
|
||||
<summary>Warning</summary>
|
||||
<p>This mistake isn't relevant anymore from Go 1.22 (<a href="https://go.dev/blog/loopvar-preview">details</a>).</p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -4300,7 +4383,7 @@ the use case. However, we should see the two options as complementary. </p>
|
|||
<h3 id="not-understanding-the-concurrency-impacts-of-a-workload-type-59">Not understanding the concurrency impacts of a workload type (#59)</h3>
|
||||
<details class="info" open="open">
|
||||
<summary>TL;DR</summary>
|
||||
<p>When creating a certain number of goroutines, consider the workload type. Creating CPU-bound goroutines means bounding this number close to the <code>GOMAXPROCS</code> variable (based by default on the number of CPU cores on the host). Creating I/O-bound goroutines depends on other factors, such as the external system.</p>
|
||||
<p>When creating a certain number of goroutines, consider the workload type. Creating CPU-bound goroutines means bounding this number close to the <abbr title="The variable defines the limit of OS threads in charge of executing user-level code simultaneously">GOMAXPROCS</abbr> variable (based by default on the number of CPU cores on the host). Creating I/O-bound goroutines depends on other factors, such as the external system.</p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<p>In programming, the execution time of a workload is limited by one of the following:</p>
|
||||
<ul>
|
||||
|
|
@ -4438,7 +4521,7 @@ the use case. However, we should see the two options as complementary. </p>
|
|||
<p>Instead of signaling <code>watcher</code> that it’s time to close its resources, we now call this <code>close</code> method, using <code>defer</code> to guarantee that the resources are closed before the application exits.</p>
|
||||
<p>In summary, let’s be mindful that a goroutine is a resource like any other that must eventually be closed to free memory or other resources. Starting a goroutine without knowing when to stop it is a design issue. Whenever a goroutine is started, we should have a clear plan about when it will stop. Last but not least, if a goroutine creates resources and its lifetime is bound to the lifetime of the application, it’s probably safer to wait for this goroutine to complete before exiting the application. This way, we can ensure that the resources can be freed.</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/tree/master/src/09-concurrency-practice/62-starting-goroutine/"><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 .297c-6.63 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 5.303 3.438 9.8 8.205 11.385.6.113.82-.258.82-.577 0-.285-.01-1.04-.015-2.04-3.338.724-4.042-1.61-4.042-1.61C4.422 18.07 3.633 17.7 3.633 17.7c-1.087-.744.084-.729.084-.729 1.205.084 1.838 1.236 1.838 1.236 1.07 1.835 2.809 1.305 3.495.998.108-.776.417-1.305.76-1.605-2.665-.3-5.466-1.332-5.466-5.93 0-1.31.465-2.38 1.235-3.22-.135-.303-.54-1.523.105-3.176 0 0 1.005-.322 3.3 1.23.96-.267 1.98-.399 3-.405 1.02.006 2.04.138 3 .405 2.28-1.552 3.285-1.23 3.285-1.23.645 1.653.24 2.873.12 3.176.765.84 1.23 1.91 1.23 3.22 0 4.61-2.805 5.625-5.475 5.92.42.36.81 1.096.81 2.22 0 1.606-.015 2.896-.015 3.286 0 .315.21.69.825.57C20.565 22.092 24 17.592 24 12.297c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12"/></svg></span> Source code</a></p>
|
||||
<h3 id="not-being-careful-with-goroutines-and-loop-variables-63">Not being careful with goroutines and loop variables (#63)</h3>
|
||||
<h3 id="not-being-careful-with-goroutines-and-loop-variables-63"><img alt="⚠" class="twemoji" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@15.0.3/assets/svg/26a0.svg" title=":warning:" /> Not being careful with goroutines and loop variables (#63)</h3>
|
||||
<details class="warning" open="open">
|
||||
<summary>Warning</summary>
|
||||
<p>This mistake isn't relevant anymore from Go 1.22 (<a href="https://go.dev/blog/loopvar-preview">details</a>).</p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -4990,7 +5073,7 @@ the use case. However, we should see the two options as complementary. </p>
|
|||
<li>Where accesses occur in the code: in this case, lines 9 and 10.</li>
|
||||
<li>When these goroutines were created: goroutine 7 was created in main().</li>
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
<p>In addition, if a specific file contains tests that lead to data races, we can (temporarily! <img alt="😉" class="twemoji" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/jdecked/twemoji@15.0.3/assets/svg/1f609.svg" title=":wink:" />) exclude it from race detection using the <code>!race</code> build tag:</p>
|
||||
<p>In addition, if a specific file contains tests that lead to data races, we can exclude it <span class="twemoji" title="temporarily! 😉"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M11 9h2V7h-2m1 13c-4.41 0-8-3.59-8-8s3.59-8 8-8 8 3.59 8 8-3.59 8-8 8m0-18A10 10 0 0 0 2 12a10 10 0 0 0 10 10 10 10 0 0 0 10-10A10 10 0 0 0 12 2m-1 15h2v-6h-2v6Z"/></svg></span> from race detection using the <code>!race</code> build tag:</p>
|
||||
<div class="language-go highlight"><pre><span></span><code><span id="__span-72-1"><a id="__codelineno-72-1" name="__codelineno-72-1" href="#__codelineno-72-1"></a><span class="c1">//go:build !race</span>
|
||||
</span><span id="__span-72-2"><a id="__codelineno-72-2" name="__codelineno-72-2" href="#__codelineno-72-2"></a>
|
||||
</span><span id="__span-72-3"><a id="__codelineno-72-3" name="__codelineno-72-3" href="#__codelineno-72-3"></a><span class="kn">package</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">main</span>
|
||||
|
|
@ -5111,7 +5194,7 @@ the use case. However, we should see the two options as complementary. </p>
|
|||
<h3 id="not-taking-into-account-instruction-level-parallelism-93">Not taking into account instruction-level parallelism (#93)</h3>
|
||||
<details class="info" open="open">
|
||||
<summary>TL;DR</summary>
|
||||
<p>Use instruction-level parallelism (ILP) to optimize specific parts of your code to allow a CPU to execute as many parallel instructions as possible. Identifying data hazards is one of the main steps.</p>
|
||||
<p>Use <abbr title="Instruction-Level Parallelism">ILP</abbr> to optimize specific parts of your code to allow a CPU to execute as many parallel instructions as possible. Identifying data hazards is one of the main steps.</p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/tree/master/src/12-optimizations/93-instruction-level-parallelism/"><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 .297c-6.63 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 5.303 3.438 9.8 8.205 11.385.6.113.82-.258.82-.577 0-.285-.01-1.04-.015-2.04-3.338.724-4.042-1.61-4.042-1.61C4.422 18.07 3.633 17.7 3.633 17.7c-1.087-.744.084-.729.084-.729 1.205.084 1.838 1.236 1.838 1.236 1.07 1.835 2.809 1.305 3.495.998.108-.776.417-1.305.76-1.605-2.665-.3-5.466-1.332-5.466-5.93 0-1.31.465-2.38 1.235-3.22-.135-.303-.54-1.523.105-3.176 0 0 1.005-.322 3.3 1.23.96-.267 1.98-.399 3-.405 1.02.006 2.04.138 3 .405 2.28-1.552 3.285-1.23 3.285-1.23.645 1.653.24 2.873.12 3.176.765.84 1.23 1.91 1.23 3.22 0 4.61-2.805 5.625-5.475 5.92.42.36.81 1.096.81 2.22 0 1.606-.015 2.896-.015 3.286 0 .315.21.69.825.57C20.565 22.092 24 17.592 24 12.297c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12"/></svg></span> Source code</a></p>
|
||||
<h3 id="not-being-aware-of-data-alignment-94">Not being aware of data alignment (#94)</h3>
|
||||
|
|
@ -5123,7 +5206,7 @@ the use case. However, we should see the two options as complementary. </p>
|
|||
<h3 id="not-understanding-stack-vs-heap-95">Not understanding stack vs. heap (#95)</h3>
|
||||
<details class="info" open="open">
|
||||
<summary>TL;DR</summary>
|
||||
<p>Understanding the fundamental differences between heap and stack should also be part of your core knowledge when optimizing a Go application. Stack allocations are almost free, whereas heap allocations are slower and rely on the GC to clean the memory.</p>
|
||||
<p>Understanding the fundamental differences between heap and stack should also be part of your core knowledge when optimizing a Go application. Stack allocations are almost free, whereas heap allocations are slower and rely on the <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> to clean the memory.</p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/tree/master/src/12-optimizations/95-stack-heap/"><span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 .297c-6.63 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 5.303 3.438 9.8 8.205 11.385.6.113.82-.258.82-.577 0-.285-.01-1.04-.015-2.04-3.338.724-4.042-1.61-4.042-1.61C4.422 18.07 3.633 17.7 3.633 17.7c-1.087-.744.084-.729.084-.729 1.205.084 1.838 1.236 1.838 1.236 1.07 1.835 2.809 1.305 3.495.998.108-.776.417-1.305.76-1.605-2.665-.3-5.466-1.332-5.466-5.93 0-1.31.465-2.38 1.235-3.22-.135-.303-.54-1.523.105-3.176 0 0 1.005-.322 3.3 1.23.96-.267 1.98-.399 3-.405 1.02.006 2.04.138 3 .405 2.28-1.552 3.285-1.23 3.285-1.23.645 1.653.24 2.873.12 3.176.765.84 1.23 1.91 1.23 3.22 0 4.61-2.805 5.625-5.475 5.92.42.36.81 1.096.81 2.22 0 1.606-.015 2.896-.015 3.286 0 .315.21.69.825.57C20.565 22.092 24 17.592 24 12.297c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12"/></svg></span> Source code</a></p>
|
||||
<h3 id="not-knowing-how-to-reduce-allocations-api-change-compiler-optimizations-and-syncpool-96">Not knowing how to reduce allocations (API change, compiler optimizations, and <code>sync.Pool</code>) (#96)</h3>
|
||||
|
|
@ -5143,18 +5226,18 @@ the use case. However, we should see the two options as complementary. </p>
|
|||
<p>Rely on profiling and the execution tracer to understand how an application performs and the parts to optimize.</p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<p>Read the full section <a href="98-profiling-execution-tracing/">here</a>.</p>
|
||||
<h3 id="not-understanding-how-the-gc-works-99">Not understanding how the GC works (#99)</h3>
|
||||
<h3 id="not-understanding-how-the-gc-works-99">Not understanding how the <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> works (#99)</h3>
|
||||
<details class="info" open="open">
|
||||
<summary>TL;DR</summary>
|
||||
<p>Understanding how to tune the GC can lead to multiple benefits such as handling sudden load increases more efficiently.</p>
|
||||
<p>Understanding how to tune the <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> can lead to multiple benefits such as handling sudden load increases more efficiently.</p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<h3 id="not-understanding-the-impacts-of-running-go-in-docker-and-kubernetes-100">Not understanding the impacts of running Go in Docker and Kubernetes (#100)</h3>
|
||||
<details class="info" open="open">
|
||||
<summary>TL;DR</summary>
|
||||
<p>To help avoid CPU throttling when deployed in Docker and Kubernetes, keep in mind that Go isn’t CFS-aware.</p>
|
||||
<p>To help avoid CPU throttling when deployed in Docker and Kubernetes, keep in mind that Go isn’t <abbr title="Completely Fair Scheduler">CFS</abbr>-aware.</p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<p>The <code>GOMAXPROCS</code> variable defines the limit of OS threads in charge of executing user-level code simultaneously. By default, it's set to the number of OS-apparent logical CPU cores.</p>
|
||||
<p>When running some Go code inside Docker and Kubernetes, we must know that Go isn't CFS-aware (<a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues/33803">github.com/golang/go/issues/33803</a>). Therefore, <code>GOMAXPROCS</code> isn't automatically set to the value of <code>spec.containers.resources.limits.cpu</code> (see <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-containers/">Kubernetes Resource Management for Pods and Containers</a>); instead, it's set to the number of logical cores on the host machine. The main implication is that it can lead to an increased tail latency in some specific situations.</p>
|
||||
<p>By default, <abbr title="The variable defines the limit of OS threads in charge of executing user-level code simultaneously">GOMAXPROCS</abbr> is set to the number of OS-apparent logical CPU cores.</p>
|
||||
<p>When running some Go code inside Docker and Kubernetes, we must know that Go isn't <abbr title="Completely Fair Scheduler">CFS</abbr>-aware (<a href="https://github.com/golang/go/issues/33803">github.com/golang/go/issues/33803</a>). Therefore, <abbr title="The variable defines the limit of OS threads in charge of executing user-level code simultaneously">GOMAXPROCS</abbr> isn't automatically set to the value of <code>spec.containers.resources.limits.cpu</code> (see <a href="https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/configuration/manage-resources-containers/">Kubernetes Resource Management for Pods and Containers</a>); instead, it's set to the number of logical cores on the host machine. The main implication is that it can lead to an increased tail latency in some specific situations.</p>
|
||||
<p>One solution is to rely on <a href="https://github.com/uber-go/automaxprocs">uber-go/automaxprocs</a> that automatically set <code>GOMAXPROCS</code> to match the Linux container CPU quota.</p>
|
||||
<h2 id="community">Community</h2>
|
||||
<p>Thanks to all the contributors:</p>
|
||||
|
|
@ -5284,7 +5367,7 @@ the use case. However, we should see the two options as complementary. </p>
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": ".", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate"], "search": "assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": ".", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate", "content.tooltips"], "search": "assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="assets/javascripts/bundle.8fd75fb4.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
|
|||
<link rel="prev" href="../zh/">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="next" href="../5-interface-pollution/">
|
||||
<link rel="next" href="../book/">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<link rel="icon" href="../img/Go-Logo_LightBlue.svg">
|
||||
|
|
@ -300,24 +300,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -335,6 +317,24 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-tabs__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-tabs__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
|
@ -389,118 +389,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Book
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -521,10 +409,10 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" checked>
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1" checked>
|
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|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1" id="__nav_1_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
|
|
@ -535,8 +423,8 @@
|
|||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Go Mistakes
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
|
@ -556,6 +444,14 @@
|
|||
Common Go Mistakes
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
|
@ -569,6 +465,288 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_2" id="__nav_1_2_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../5-interface-pollution/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../9-generics/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Being confused about when to use generics (#9)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../20-slice/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not understanding slice length and capacity (#20)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../28-maps-memory-leaks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Maps and memory leaks (#28)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../56-concurrency-faster/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Thinking concurrency is always faster (#56)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../89-benchmarks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Writing inaccurate benchmarks (#89)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../92-false-sharing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../98-profiling-execution-tracing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not using Go diagnostics tooling (#98)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle " type="checkbox" id="__nav_1_3" checked>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_3" id="__nav_1_3_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_1_3_label" aria-expanded="true">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_1_3">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Translations
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../zh/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1809,8 +1987,23 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1821,36 +2014,33 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" >
|
||||
<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2" id="__nav_2_label" tabindex="0">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
||||
<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
||||
<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2">
|
||||
<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
||||
Full Sections
|
||||
Book Details
|
||||
</label>
|
||||
<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1861,11 +2051,11 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../5-interface-pollution/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1882,11 +2072,11 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../9-generics/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Being confused about when to use generics (#9)
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1903,11 +2093,11 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../20-slice/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not understanding slice length and capacity (#20)
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1917,119 +2107,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../28-maps-memory-leaks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Maps and memory leaks (#28)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../56-concurrency-faster/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Thinking concurrency is always faster (#56)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../89-benchmarks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Writing inaccurate benchmarks (#89)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../92-false-sharing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../98-profiling-execution-tracing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not using Go diagnostics tooling (#98)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -3560,7 +3637,7 @@
|
|||
<summary>要約</summary>
|
||||
<p>スライスを作成するとき、長さがすでにわかっている場合は、指定された長さまたは容量でスライスを初期化しましょう。これにより、割り当ての数が減り、パフォーマンスが向上します。</p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<p><code>make</code> を使用してスライスを初期化するときに、長さとオプションの容量を指定できます。これらのパラメータの両方に適切な値を渡すことが適当であるにもかかわらず、それを忘れるのはよくある間違いです。実際、複数のコピーが必要になり、一時的なバッキング配列をクリーンアップするために GC に追加の労力がかかる可能性があります。パフォーマンスの観点から言えば、Go ランタイムに手を差し伸べない理由はありません。 </p>
|
||||
<p><code>make</code> を使用してスライスを初期化するときに、長さとオプションの容量を指定できます。これらのパラメータの両方に適切な値を渡すことが適当であるにもかかわらず、それを忘れるのはよくある間違いです。実際、複数のコピーが必要になり、一時的なバッキング配列をクリーンアップするために <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> に追加の労力がかかる可能性があります。パフォーマンスの観点から言えば、Go ランタイムに手を差し伸べない理由はありません。 </p>
|
||||
<p>オプションは、指定された容量または指定された長さのスライスを割り当てることです。 これら 2 つの解決策のうち、2 番目の解決策の方がわずかに高速である傾向があることがわかりました。ただし、特定の容量と追加を使用すると、場合によっては実装と読み取りが容易になることがあります。</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/tree/master/src/03-data-types/21-slice-init/main.go">ソースコード <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 .297c-6.63 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 5.303 3.438 9.8 8.205 11.385.6.113.82-.258.82-.577 0-.285-.01-1.04-.015-2.04-3.338.724-4.042-1.61-4.042-1.61C4.422 18.07 3.633 17.7 3.633 17.7c-1.087-.744.084-.729.084-.729 1.205.084 1.838 1.236 1.838 1.236 1.07 1.835 2.809 1.305 3.495.998.108-.776.417-1.305.76-1.605-2.665-.3-5.466-1.332-5.466-5.93 0-1.31.465-2.38 1.235-3.22-.135-.303-.54-1.523.105-3.176 0 0 1.005-.322 3.3 1.23.96-.267 1.98-.399 3-.405 1.02.006 2.04.138 3 .405 2.28-1.552 3.285-1.23 3.285-1.23.645 1.653.24 2.873.12 3.176.765.84 1.23 1.91 1.23 3.22 0 4.61-2.805 5.625-5.475 5.92.42.36.81 1.096.81 2.22 0 1.606-.015 2.896-.015 3.286 0 .315.21.69.825.57C20.565 22.092 24 17.592 24 12.297c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12"/></svg></span></a></p>
|
||||
<h3 id="nil-22">nil と空のスライスを混同している (#22)</h3>
|
||||
|
|
@ -3608,10 +3685,10 @@
|
|||
<p>ポインタのスライスまたはポインタフィールドを持つ構造体を操作する場合、スライス操作によって除外された要素を nil とすることでメモリリークを回避できます。</p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<h4 id="_3">容量漏れ</h4>
|
||||
<p>大きなスライスまたは配列をスライスすると、メモリ消費が高くなる可能性があることに注意してください。残りのスペースは GC によって再利用されず、少数の要素しか使用しないにもかかわらず、大きなバッキング配列が保持されます。スライスのコピーをすることで、このような事態を防ぐことができます。</p>
|
||||
<p>大きなスライスまたは配列をスライスすると、メモリ消費が高くなる可能性があることに注意してください。残りのスペースは <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> によって再利用されず、少数の要素しか使用しないにもかかわらず、大きなバッキング配列が保持されます。スライスのコピーをすることで、このような事態を防ぐことができます。</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/tree/master/src/03-data-types/26-slice-memory-leak/capacity-leak">ソースコード <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 .297c-6.63 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 5.303 3.438 9.8 8.205 11.385.6.113.82-.258.82-.577 0-.285-.01-1.04-.015-2.04-3.338.724-4.042-1.61-4.042-1.61C4.422 18.07 3.633 17.7 3.633 17.7c-1.087-.744.084-.729.084-.729 1.205.084 1.838 1.236 1.838 1.236 1.07 1.835 2.809 1.305 3.495.998.108-.776.417-1.305.76-1.605-2.665-.3-5.466-1.332-5.466-5.93 0-1.31.465-2.38 1.235-3.22-.135-.303-.54-1.523.105-3.176 0 0 1.005-.322 3.3 1.23.96-.267 1.98-.399 3-.405 1.02.006 2.04.138 3 .405 2.28-1.552 3.285-1.23 3.285-1.23.645 1.653.24 2.873.12 3.176.765.84 1.23 1.91 1.23 3.22 0 4.61-2.805 5.625-5.475 5.92.42.36.81 1.096.81 2.22 0 1.606-.015 2.896-.015 3.286 0 .315.21.69.825.57C20.565 22.092 24 17.592 24 12.297c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12"/></svg></span></a></p>
|
||||
<h4 id="_4">スライスとポインタ</h4>
|
||||
<p>ポインタまたはポインタフィールドを含む構造体を使用してスライス操作をする場合、GC がこれらの要素を再利用しないことを知っておく必要があります。その場合の選択肢は、コピーを実行するか、残りの要素またはそのフィールドを明示的に <code>nil</code> とすることです。</p>
|
||||
<p>ポインタまたはポインタフィールドを含む構造体を使用してスライス操作をする場合、<abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> がこれらの要素を再利用しないことを知っておく必要があります。その場合の選択肢は、コピーを実行するか、残りの要素またはそのフィールドを明示的に <code>nil</code> とすることです。</p>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/tree/master/src/03-data-types/26-slice-memory-leak/slice-pointers">ソースコード <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 .297c-6.63 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 5.303 3.438 9.8 8.205 11.385.6.113.82-.258.82-.577 0-.285-.01-1.04-.015-2.04-3.338.724-4.042-1.61-4.042-1.61C4.422 18.07 3.633 17.7 3.633 17.7c-1.087-.744.084-.729.084-.729 1.205.084 1.838 1.236 1.838 1.236 1.07 1.835 2.809 1.305 3.495.998.108-.776.417-1.305.76-1.605-2.665-.3-5.466-1.332-5.466-5.93 0-1.31.465-2.38 1.235-3.22-.135-.303-.54-1.523.105-3.176 0 0 1.005-.322 3.3 1.23.96-.267 1.98-.399 3-.405 1.02.006 2.04.138 3 .405 2.28-1.552 3.285-1.23 3.285-1.23.645 1.653.24 2.873.12 3.176.765.84 1.23 1.91 1.23 3.22 0 4.61-2.805 5.625-5.475 5.92.42.36.81 1.096.81 2.22 0 1.606-.015 2.896-.015 3.286 0 .315.21.69.825.57C20.565 22.092 24 17.592 24 12.297c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12"/></svg></span></a></p>
|
||||
<h3 id="27">非効率なマップの初期化 (#27)</h3>
|
||||
<details class="info" open="open">
|
||||
|
|
@ -4732,7 +4809,7 @@
|
|||
<h3 id="93">命令レベルの並列性を考慮しない (#93)</h3>
|
||||
<details class="info" open="open">
|
||||
<summary>要約</summary>
|
||||
<p>命令レベルの並列性（ILP）を使用してコードの特定の部分を最適化し、CPU ができるだけ多くの命令を並列実行できるようにしましょう。主な手順の 1 つにデータハザードの特定があります。</p>
|
||||
<p>命令レベルの並列性（<abbr title="Instruction-Level Parallelism">ILP</abbr>）を使用してコードの特定の部分を最適化し、CPU ができるだけ多くの命令を並列実行できるようにしましょう。主な手順の 1 つにデータハザードの特定があります。</p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/tree/master/src/12-optimizations/93-instruction-level-parallelism/">ソースコード <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 .297c-6.63 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 5.303 3.438 9.8 8.205 11.385.6.113.82-.258.82-.577 0-.285-.01-1.04-.015-2.04-3.338.724-4.042-1.61-4.042-1.61C4.422 18.07 3.633 17.7 3.633 17.7c-1.087-.744.084-.729.084-.729 1.205.084 1.838 1.236 1.838 1.236 1.07 1.835 2.809 1.305 3.495.998.108-.776.417-1.305.76-1.605-2.665-.3-5.466-1.332-5.466-5.93 0-1.31.465-2.38 1.235-3.22-.135-.303-.54-1.523.105-3.176 0 0 1.005-.322 3.3 1.23.96-.267 1.98-.399 3-.405 1.02.006 2.04.138 3 .405 2.28-1.552 3.285-1.23 3.285-1.23.645 1.653.24 2.873.12 3.176.765.84 1.23 1.91 1.23 3.22 0 4.61-2.805 5.625-5.475 5.92.42.36.81 1.096.81 2.22 0 1.606-.015 2.896-.015 3.286 0 .315.21.69.825.57C20.565 22.092 24 17.592 24 12.297c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12"/></svg></span></a></p>
|
||||
<h3 id="94">データの配置を意識していない (#94)</h3>
|
||||
|
|
@ -4744,7 +4821,7 @@
|
|||
<h3 id="95">ヒープとスタックの違いを理解していない (#95)</h3>
|
||||
<details class="info" open="open">
|
||||
<summary>要約</summary>
|
||||
<p>ヒープとスタックの基本的な違いを理解することも、Go アプリケーションを最適化する際には大切です。スタック割り当ては容易なのに対して、ヒープ割り当ては遅く、メモリのクリーンアップに GC を利用します。</p>
|
||||
<p>ヒープとスタックの基本的な違いを理解することも、Go アプリケーションを最適化する際には大切です。スタック割り当ては容易なのに対して、ヒープ割り当ては遅く、メモリのクリーンアップに <abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> を利用します。</p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<p><a href="https://github.com/teivah/100-go-mistakes/tree/master/src/12-optimizations/95-stack-heap/">ソースコード <span class="twemoji"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M12 .297c-6.63 0-12 5.373-12 12 0 5.303 3.438 9.8 8.205 11.385.6.113.82-.258.82-.577 0-.285-.01-1.04-.015-2.04-3.338.724-4.042-1.61-4.042-1.61C4.422 18.07 3.633 17.7 3.633 17.7c-1.087-.744.084-.729.084-.729 1.205.084 1.838 1.236 1.838 1.236 1.07 1.835 2.809 1.305 3.495.998.108-.776.417-1.305.76-1.605-2.665-.3-5.466-1.332-5.466-5.93 0-1.31.465-2.38 1.235-3.22-.135-.303-.54-1.523.105-3.176 0 0 1.005-.322 3.3 1.23.96-.267 1.98-.399 3-.405 1.02.006 2.04.138 3 .405 2.28-1.552 3.285-1.23 3.285-1.23.645 1.653.24 2.873.12 3.176.765.84 1.23 1.91 1.23 3.22 0 4.61-2.805 5.625-5.475 5.92.42.36.81 1.096.81 2.22 0 1.606-.015 2.896-.015 3.286 0 .315.21.69.825.57C20.565 22.092 24 17.592 24 12.297c0-6.627-5.373-12-12-12"/></svg></span></a></p>
|
||||
<h3 id="api-syncpool-96">割り当てを減らす方法がわかっていない（ API の変更、コンパイラの最適化、および <code>sync.Pool</code>） (#96)</h3>
|
||||
|
|
@ -4764,15 +4841,15 @@
|
|||
<p>プロファイリングと実行トレーサを利用して、アプリケーションのパフォーマンスと最適化すべき部分について理解しましょう。</p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<p>セクション全文は<a href="../98-profiling-execution-tracing/">こちら</a>。</p>
|
||||
<h3 id="gc-99">GC の仕組みを理解していない (#99)</h3>
|
||||
<h3 id="gc-99"><abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> の仕組みを理解していない (#99)</h3>
|
||||
<details class="info" open="open">
|
||||
<summary>要約</summary>
|
||||
<p>GC の調整方法を理解すると、突然の負荷の増加をより効率的に処理できるなど、さまざまな恩恵が得られます。</p>
|
||||
<p><abbr title="Garbage Collector">GC</abbr> の調整方法を理解すると、突然の負荷の増加をより効率的に処理できるなど、さまざまな恩恵が得られます。</p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
<h3 id="docker-kubernetes-go-100">Docker と Kubernetes 上でGo言語を実行することの影響を理解していない (#100)</h3>
|
||||
<details class="info" open="open">
|
||||
<summary>要約</summary>
|
||||
<p>Docker と Kubernetes にデプロイする際の CPU スロットリングを回避するには、Go言語が CFS 対応ではないことに留意してください。</p>
|
||||
<p>Docker と Kubernetes にデプロイする際の CPU スロットリングを回避するには、Go言語が <abbr title="Completely Fair Scheduler">CFS</abbr> 対応ではないことに留意してください。</p>
|
||||
</details>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -4897,7 +4974,7 @@
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate", "content.tooltips"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../assets/javascripts/bundle.8fd75fb4.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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|
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100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
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|
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@ -521,10 +409,10 @@
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Go Mistakes
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|
|
@ -556,6 +444,14 @@
|
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Common Go Mistakes
|
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</span>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
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|
@ -567,6 +463,288 @@
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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Interface pollution (#5)
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|
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|
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</span>
|
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|
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|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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Maps and memory leaks (#28)
|
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</span>
|
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|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
||||
|
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|
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<a href="../56-concurrency-faster/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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Thinking concurrency is always faster (#56)
|
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</span>
|
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|
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|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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<a href="../89-benchmarks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Writing inaccurate benchmarks (#89)
|
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</span>
|
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|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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<a href="../92-false-sharing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
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</span>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
<span class="md-status md-status--new" title="New content">
|
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</span>
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../98-profiling-execution-tracing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Not using Go diagnostics tooling (#98)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
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</li>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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</ul>
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</nav>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--active md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_1_3" id="__nav_1_3_label" tabindex="">
|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Translations
|
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|
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|
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Translations
|
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</label>
|
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
|
@ -1719,8 +1897,23 @@
|
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|
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|
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|
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</ul>
|
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</nav>
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</nav>
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|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1731,36 +1924,33 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--section md-nav__item--nested">
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<li class="md-nav__item md-nav__item--nested">
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2_4" >
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<input class="md-nav__toggle md-toggle md-toggle--indeterminate" type="checkbox" id="__nav_2" >
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<label class="md-nav__link" for="__nav_2_4" id="__nav_2_4_label" tabindex="">
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Full Sections
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|
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</label>
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="2" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_4_label" aria-expanded="false">
|
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<label class="md-nav__title" for="__nav_2_4">
|
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<nav class="md-nav" data-md-level="1" aria-labelledby="__nav_2_label" aria-expanded="false">
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|
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<span class="md-nav__icon md-icon"></span>
|
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Full Sections
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<ul class="md-nav__list" data-md-scrollfix>
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|
|
@ -1771,11 +1961,11 @@
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../5-interface-pollution/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<a href="../book/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
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Interface pollution (#5)
|
||||
100 Go Mistakes and How to Avoid Them
|
||||
</span>
|
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|
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|
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|
|
@ -1792,11 +1982,11 @@
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../9-generics/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<a href="../chapter-1/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Being confused about when to use generics (#9)
|
||||
Read the First Chapter
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
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|
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|
|
@ -1813,11 +2003,11 @@
|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../20-slice/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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<a href="../external/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not understanding slice length and capacity (#20)
|
||||
External Resources
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1827,119 +2017,6 @@
|
|||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../28-maps-memory-leaks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
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|
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|
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<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Maps and memory leaks (#28)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../56-concurrency-faster/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Thinking concurrency is always faster (#56)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
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|
||||
|
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|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../89-benchmarks/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Writing inaccurate benchmarks (#89)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
||||
|
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|
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|
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|
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<li class="md-nav__item">
|
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<a href="../92-false-sharing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
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|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Writing concurrent code that leads to false sharing (#92)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<li class="md-nav__item">
|
||||
<a href="../98-profiling-execution-tracing/" class="md-nav__link">
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<span class="md-ellipsis">
|
||||
Not using Go diagnostics tooling (#98)
|
||||
</span>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</a>
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
</li>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
</ul>
|
||||
</nav>
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -3390,7 +3467,7 @@
|
|||
<h3 id="false-sharing-92">写的并发处理逻辑会导致false sharing (#92)</h3>
|
||||
<p>了解 CPU 缓存的较低层的 L1、L2 cache 不会在所有核间共享，编写并发处理逻辑时能避免写出一些降低性能的问题，比如伪共享（false sharing）。内存共享只是一种假象。</p>
|
||||
<h3 id="93">没有考虑指令级的并行 (#93)</h3>
|
||||
<p>使用指令级并行（ILP）优化代码的特定部分，以允许CPU尽可能执行更多可以并行执行的指令。识别指令的数据依赖问题（data hazards）是主要步骤之一。</p>
|
||||
<p>使用指令级并行（<abbr title="Instruction-Level Parallelism">ILP</abbr>）优化代码的特定部分，以允许CPU尽可能执行更多可以并行执行的指令。识别指令的数据依赖问题（data hazards）是主要步骤之一。</p>
|
||||
<h3 id="94">不了解数据对齐 (#94)</h3>
|
||||
<p>记住Go中基本类型与其自身大小对齐，例如，按降序从大到小重新组织结构体的字段可以形成更紧凑的结构体（减少内存分配，更好的空间局部性），这有助于避免一些常见的错误。</p>
|
||||
<h3 id="stack-vs-heap-95">不了解 stack vs. heap (#95)</h3>
|
||||
|
|
@ -3528,7 +3605,7 @@
|
|||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
<script id="__config" type="application/json">{"base": "..", "features": ["navigation.tabs", "navigation.tabs.sticky", "search.highlight", "search.share", "search.suggest", "content.code.copy", "navigation.expand", "navigation.instant", "navigation.sections", "announce.dismiss", "navigation.tracking", "toc.follow", "content.code.annotate", "content.tooltips"], "search": "../assets/javascripts/workers/search.b8dbb3d2.min.js", "translations": {"clipboard.copied": "Copied to clipboard", "clipboard.copy": "Copy to clipboard", "search.result.more.one": "1 more on this page", "search.result.more.other": "# more on this page", "search.result.none": "No matching documents", "search.result.one": "1 matching document", "search.result.other": "# matching documents", "search.result.placeholder": "Type to start searching", "search.result.term.missing": "Missing", "select.version": "Select version"}}</script>
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
<script src="../assets/javascripts/bundle.8fd75fb4.min.js"></script>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
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Reference in a new issue