added this

.vscode/settings.json

@@ -49,10 +49,14 @@
         "Rypo",
         "SIZD",
         "SIZF",
+        "aabb",
+        "aabbccdd",
         "amining",
         "bitfields",
+        "ccdd",
         "dless",
         "dmore",
+        "eeff",
         "fcvtms",
         "fcvtps",
         "fcvtta",
@@ -70,6 +74,7 @@
         "slen",
         "ssize",
         "stdinp",
+        "stinkin",
         "vless",
         "vmore"
     ],

README.md

@@ -275,6 +275,7 @@ knowledge - how cool is that!
 | 8a | [Alignment](./section_1/structs/alignment.md) | [Link](./section_1/structs/alignment.pdf) |
 | 8b | [Defining](./section_1/structs/defining.md) | [Link](./section_1/structs/defining.pdf) |
 | 8c | [Using](./section_1/structs/using.md) | [Link](./section_1/structs/using.pdf) |
+| 8d | [What is "this"](./section_1/structs/this.md) | [Link](./section_1/structs/this.pdf) |
 |  9 | [`const`](./section_1/const/README.md) | [Link](./section_1/const/README.pdf) |
 
 ### Section 2 - Floating Point

section_1/structs/alignment.md

@@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ If they don't mind writing code that's buggy, that is.
 
 ```c
 struct {
-	long a;
+    long a;
-	short b;
+    short b;
-	int c;
+    int c;
 };
 ```
 
@@ -91,9 +91,9 @@ Given this:
 
 ```c
 struct Foo {
-	long a;
+    long a;
-	short b;
+    short b;
-	int c;
+    int c;
 };
 
 struct Foo Bar = { 0xaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa, 0xbbbb, 0xcccccccc };
@@ -114,9 +114,9 @@ Given this:
 
 ```c
 struct Foo {
-	short a;
+    short a;
-	char b;
+    char b;
-	int c;
+    int c;
 };
 
 struct Foo Bar = { 0xaaaa, 0xbb, 0xcccccccc };
@@ -173,4 +173,3 @@ Transpose the two 2 byte groups:
 The discussion on little endian is important if you are
 looking directly at the contents of memory, like when you
 are using `gdb`.
-

section_1/structs/this.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+#include <stdio.h>
+
+class TestClass {
+    public:
+    void SetString(char * s);
+    char * GetString();
+    private:
+    char * _s = nullptr;
+};
+
+void TestClass::SetString(char * s) {
+    _s = s;
+    printf("String set to: %s\n", _s);
+}
+
+char * TestClass::GetString() {
+    return _s;
+}
+
+char * test_string = (char *) "Test String";
+
+TestClass tc;
+
+int main() {
+    tc.SetString(test_string);
+    printf("Stored string is: %s\n", tc.GetString());
+    return 0;
+}

section_1/structs/this.md

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+# Section 1 / What is "this"
+
+When using an instance of a C++ `class` or `struct`, you know already
+that any method you call somehow knows which specific instance you are
+using. The exception to *this*, of course, are methods which are declared
+as `static` which do *not* know which specific instance you are
+referring to - `static` methods are instance-agnostic.
+
+Like many of the cool features of C++, *this* seemingly magical
+self-awareness is accomplished by slight-of-hand. In *this* chapter, we
+examine how *this* is done.
+
+In case the italics used up to now where ever the word *this* has been
+used, the slight-of-hand involves the `this` pointer.
+
+## `this` pointer
+
+Every non-static method call employs a hidden first parameter. This
+parameter is the `this` pointer which points to the specific instance
+of the class being used.
+
+Here is the [source code](./this.cpp) to our test harness:
+
+```c++
+#include <stdio.h>                                            // 1 
+                                                              // 2 
+class TestClass {                                             // 3 
+    public:                                                   // 4 
+    void SetString(char * s);                                 // 5 
+    char * GetString();                                       // 6 
+    private:                                                  // 7 
+    char * _s = nullptr;                                      // 8 
+};                                                            // 9 
+                                                              // 10 
+void TestClass::SetString(char * s) {                         // 11 
+    _s = s;                                                   // 12 
+    printf("String set to: %s\n", _s);                        // 13 
+}                                                             // 14 
+                                                              // 15 
+char * TestClass::GetString() {                               // 16 
+    return _s;                                                // 17 
+}                                                             // 18 
+                                                              // 19 
+char * test_string = (char *) "Test String";                  // 20 
+                                                              // 21 
+TestClass tc;                                                 // 22 
+                                                              // 23 
+int main() {                                                  // 24 
+    tc.SetString(test_string);                                // 25 
+    printf("Stored string is: %s\n", tc.GetString());         // 26 
+    return 0;                                                 // 27 
+}                                                             // 28 
+```
+
+There are no surprises in this code.
+
+On line 25, when method `SetString()` is called, a specific instance
+of the `class` is used, namely the one called `tc`. It looks like there
+is only one parameter to the method call.
+
+On line 26, when method `GetString()` is called, it will return the
+a pointer to the very same string that was used in the previous line.
+
+If compiled with:
+
+```text
+g++ -std=c++11 -O0 -S this.cpp
+```
+
+an assembly language file called `this.s` will be produced. In it, after
+wading through a lot of what seems like gibberish, you will find:
+
+```text
+    adrp x8, _test_string@PAGE
+    ldr x1, [x8, _test_string@PAGEOFF]
+    adrp x0, _tc@PAGE
+    add x0, x0, _tc@PAGEOFF
+    str x0, [sp, #16]                   ; 8-byte Folded Spill
+    bl __ZN9TestClass9SetStringEPc
+```
+
+followed by:
+
+```text
+    ldr x0, [sp, #16]                   ; 8-byte Folded Reload
+    bl __ZN9TestClass9GetStringEv
+```
+
+Note: this was built on a Mac M series. The code, if built on Linux,
+will be slightly different.
+
+Notice the address of the string winds up in `x1` **not** in `x0` where
+a first parameter ought to have gone.
+
+What goes in `x0`, i.e. the first parameter slot, is a pointer to the
+specific instance of the `class` being used.
+
+Magic!

section_1/structs/this.s

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+	.section	__TEXT,__text,regular,pure_instructions
+	.build_version macos, 13, 0	sdk_version 13, 3
+	.globl	__ZN9TestClass9SetStringEPc     ; -- Begin function _ZN9TestClass9SetStringEPc
+	.p2align	2
+__ZN9TestClass9SetStringEPc:            ; @_ZN9TestClass9SetStringEPc
+	.cfi_startproc
+; %bb.0:
+	sub	sp, sp, #48
+	.cfi_def_cfa_offset 48
+	stp	x29, x30, [sp, #32]             ; 16-byte Folded Spill
+	add	x29, sp, #32
+	.cfi_def_cfa w29, 16
+	.cfi_offset w30, -8
+	.cfi_offset w29, -16
+	stur	x0, [x29, #-8]
+	str	x1, [sp, #16]
+	ldur	x8, [x29, #-8]
+	ldr	x9, [sp, #16]
+	str	x9, [x8]
+	ldr	x8, [x8]
+	mov	x9, sp
+	str	x8, [x9]
+	adrp	x0, l_.str@PAGE
+	add	x0, x0, l_.str@PAGEOFF
+	bl	_printf
+	ldp	x29, x30, [sp, #32]             ; 16-byte Folded Reload
+	add	sp, sp, #48
+	ret
+	.cfi_endproc
+                                        ; -- End function
+	.globl	__ZN9TestClass9GetStringEv      ; -- Begin function _ZN9TestClass9GetStringEv
+	.p2align	2
+__ZN9TestClass9GetStringEv:             ; @_ZN9TestClass9GetStringEv
+	.cfi_startproc
+; %bb.0:
+	sub	sp, sp, #16
+	.cfi_def_cfa_offset 16
+	str	x0, [sp, #8]
+	ldr	x8, [sp, #8]
+	ldr	x0, [x8]
+	add	sp, sp, #16
+	ret
+	.cfi_endproc
+                                        ; -- End function
+	.globl	_main                           ; -- Begin function main
+	.p2align	2
+_main:                                  ; @main
+	.cfi_startproc
+; %bb.0:
+	sub	sp, sp, #48
+	.cfi_def_cfa_offset 48
+	stp	x29, x30, [sp, #32]             ; 16-byte Folded Spill
+	add	x29, sp, #32
+	.cfi_def_cfa w29, 16
+	.cfi_offset w30, -8
+	.cfi_offset w29, -16
+	mov	w8, #0
+	stur	w8, [x29, #-8]                  ; 4-byte Folded Spill
+	stur	wzr, [x29, #-4]
+	adrp	x8, _test_string@PAGE
+	ldr	x1, [x8, _test_string@PAGEOFF]
+	adrp	x0, _tc@PAGE
+	add	x0, x0, _tc@PAGEOFF
+	str	x0, [sp, #16]                   ; 8-byte Folded Spill
+	bl	__ZN9TestClass9SetStringEPc
+	ldr	x0, [sp, #16]                   ; 8-byte Folded Reload
+	bl	__ZN9TestClass9GetStringEv
+	mov	x8, sp
+	str	x0, [x8]
+	adrp	x0, l_.str.2@PAGE
+	add	x0, x0, l_.str.2@PAGEOFF
+	bl	_printf
+	ldur	w0, [x29, #-8]                  ; 4-byte Folded Reload
+	ldp	x29, x30, [sp, #32]             ; 16-byte Folded Reload
+	add	sp, sp, #48
+	ret
+	.cfi_endproc
+                                        ; -- End function
+	.section	__TEXT,__cstring,cstring_literals
+l_.str:                                 ; @.str
+	.asciz	"String set to: %s\n"
+
+l_.str.1:                               ; @.str.1
+	.asciz	"Test String"
+
+	.section	__DATA,__data
+	.globl	_test_string                    ; @test_string
+	.p2align	3
+_test_string:
+	.quad	l_.str.1
+
+	.globl	_tc                             ; @tc
+.zerofill __DATA,__common,_tc,8,3
+	.section	__TEXT,__cstring,cstring_literals
+l_.str.2:                               ; @.str.2
+	.asciz	"Stored string is: %s\n"
+
+.subsections_via_symbols