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renaming and changes to apple macros
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Perry Kivolowitz
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35
README.md
35
README.md
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@ -47,20 +47,27 @@ and how parameters are passed.
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In this book we will use the ARM LINUX conventions. This means:
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* You *may* need to run a ARM Linux VM on the Macintosh - even on
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ARM-based Macs. Why? Apple uses a different calling convention.
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ARM-based Macs. Why? Apple uses a different calling convention. Keep
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reading before you get upset.
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The convention used in this book should work on all ARM Linux
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machines while the Apple calling convention is specific to Apple
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Silicon-based machines.
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This necessity did not sit well with some on reddit. We listened.
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This necessity for a VM even when running on an Apple Silicon machine
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did not sit well with some on reddit. We listened.
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We now have a chapter devoted to bringing Linux and Apple code
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together to the degree possible. [This chapter](./more/apple_silicon/)
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also provides a suite of macros that provide this help. If you're
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willing to adjust how you code (and use the macros), you can
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successfully write assembly language once and build it on both Linux
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and Mac OS.
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together to the degree possible.
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[This chapter](./more/apple_silicon/) provides a suite of macros that
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provide this help. If you're willing to adjust how you code (and use
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the macros), you can successfully write assembly language once and
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build it on both Linux and Mac OS.
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The macros are a work in progress. [This
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link](./macros/apple-linux-convergence.S) will lead to a current copy
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of them. We will try to keep this file up to date.
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* You will need to run WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) on ARM-based
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Windows machines. These do exist!
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@ -125,6 +132,10 @@ to only one step in a build sequence. What we talk about as being the
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`#include`. These commands are not part of C or C++. Rather they
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are commands to the preprocessor.
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Note that `gcc` will invoke the C preprocessor only if your assembly
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language file ends in `.S` - capital S. It may not be invoked if your
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file ends in a lower case s or any other file extension.
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* The *actual* compiler, whose job it is turn high level languages
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such as C and C++ into assembly language.
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@ -265,14 +276,14 @@ own section:
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| Chapter | Markdown | PDF |
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| ------- | -------- | --- |
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| 1 | Floating Point | |
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| .... a | [.... What Are Floating Point Numbers?](./section_2/float/what.md) | NA |
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| .... b | [.... Registers (simplified)](./section_2/float/working.md) | NA |
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| .... c | [.... Literals](./section_2/float/literals.md) | NA |
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| .... a | [.... What Are Floating Point Numbers?](./section_2/float/what.md) | [Link](./section_2/float/what.pdf) |
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| .... b | [.... Registers (simplified)](./section_2/float/working.md) | [Link](./section_2/float/working.pdf) |
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| .... c | [.... Literals](./section_2/float/literals.md) | [Link](./section_2/float/literals.pdf) |
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| .... d | [.... `fmov` Not Yet Written](./section_2/float/) | NA |
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| .... e | [.... Conversion To / From Integers](./section_2/float/rounding.md) | NA |
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| .... e | [.... Conversion To / From Integers](./section_2/float/rounding.md) | [Link](./section_2/float/rounding.pdf) |
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| .... f | [.... Four Basic Operations Not Yet Written](./section_2/float/) | NA |
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| .... g | [.... Selected Additional Operations Not Yet Written](./section_2/float/) | NA |
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| .... z | [.... Half Precision Floats](./section_2/float/half.md) | NA |
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| .... z | [.... Half Precision Floats](./section_2/float/half.md) | [Link](./section_2/float/half.pdf) |
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## Section 3 - Bit Manipulation
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1
macros/README.md
Normal file
1
macros/README.md
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@ -0,0 +1 @@
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110
macros/apple-linux-convergence.S
Normal file
110
macros/apple-linux-convergence.S
Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
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// Macros to permit the "same" assembly language to build on ARM64
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// Linux systems as well as Apple Silicon systems.
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//
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// Perry Kivolowitz
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// A Gentle Introduction to Assembly Language
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#if defined(__APPLE__)
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// Apple makes a distinction between loading something close by
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// versus something global. Note the use of GOTPAGE rather then
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// PAGE.
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//
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// Note: this macro dereferences the label getting what is at
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// the label's address.
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.macro GLD_PTR xreg, label // Dereference a global *
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adrp \xreg, _\label@GOTPAGE
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ldr \xreg, [\xreg, _\label@GOTPAGEOFF]
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.endm
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.macro GLD_ADDR xreg, label // Get a global address
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adrp \xreg, _\label@GOTPAGE
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add \xreg, \xreg, _\label@GOTPAGEOFF
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.endm
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// This macro loads the address of a nearby label.
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.macro LLD_ADDR xreg, label // Load a local address
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adrp \xreg, \label@PAGE
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add \xreg, \xreg, \label@PAGEOFF
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.endm
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.macro GLABEL label
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.global _\label
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.endm
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.macro MAIN
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_main:
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.endm
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.macro CRT label
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bl _\label
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.endm
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#else // LINUX
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.macro GLABEL label
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.global \label
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.endm
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.macro MAIN
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main:
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.endm
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.macro CRT label
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bl \label
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.endm
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// This macro treats label as a pointer and dereferences it.
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// That is, it puts into the xreg what is found at the address
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// of the label.
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.macro GLD_PTR xreg, label // Dereference a global *
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ldr \xreg, =\label
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ldr \xreg, [\xreg]
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.endm
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// This macro loads the address of a nearby label.
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.macro LLD_ADDR xreg, label
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ldr \xreg, =\label
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.endm
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.macro LD_ADDR xreg, label
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.endm
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#endif
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.macro START_PROC // after starting label
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.cfi_startproc
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.endm
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.macro END_PROC // after the return
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.cfi_endproc
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.endm
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.macro PUSH_P a, b
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stp \a, \b, [sp, -16]!
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.endm
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.macro PUSH_R a
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str \a, [sp, -16]!
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.endm
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.macro POP_P a, b
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ldp \a, \b, [sp], 16
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.endm
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.macro POP_R a
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ldr \a, [sp], 16
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.endm
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.macro MIN src_a, src_b, dest
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csel \dest, \src_a, \src_b, GT
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.endm
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.macro MAX src_a, src_b, dest
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csel \dest, \src_a, \src_b, LT
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.endm
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@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
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// Macros to permit the "same" assembly language to build on ARM64
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// Linux systems as well as Apple Silicon systems.
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//
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// Perry Kivolowitz
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// A Gentle Introduction to Assembly Language
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#if defined(__APPLE__)
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.macro LD_ADDR xreg, label
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adrp \xreg, \label@PAGE
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add \xreg, \xreg, \label@PAGEOFF
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.endm
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.macro GLABEL label
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.global _\label
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.endm
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.macro MAIN
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_main:
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.endm
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.macro CRT label
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bl _\label
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.endm
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#else
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.macro GLABEL label
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.global \label
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.endm
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.macro MAIN
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main:
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.endm
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.macro CRT label
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bl \label
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.endm
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.macro LD_ADDR xreg, label
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ldr \xreg, =\label
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.endm
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#endif
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.macro START_PROC
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.cfi_startproc
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.endm
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.macro END_PROC
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.cfi_endproc
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.endm
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