groups:

- name: PythonExporter

  
  rules:

    - alert: PythonGcObjectsUncollectable
      expr: 'increase(python_gc_objects_uncollectable_total[5m]) > 1'
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: Python GC objects uncollectable (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
        description: "Python has uncollectable objects ({{ $value }}), potential memory leak via reference cycles\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"

    - alert: PythonGcCollectionsHigh
      expr: 'rate(python_gc_objects_collected_total[5m]) > 10000'
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: Python GC collections high (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
        description: "Python GC is collecting too many objects (> 10k/s), high allocation pressure\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"

    # process_open_fds and process_max_fds are generic metrics from the Prometheus client library, not Python-specific.
    - alert: PythonFileDescriptorsExhaustion
      expr: '(process_open_fds / process_max_fds) * 100 > 90 and process_max_fds > 0'
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: Python file descriptors exhaustion (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
        description: "Python process is running out of file descriptors (> 90% used)\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"

    # Gen2 collection rate > 1/s is very high. In most applications, gen2 runs are infrequent. Adjust threshold based on your workload.
    - alert: PythonGcGeneration2CollectionsHigh
      expr: 'rate(python_gc_collections_total{generation="2"}[5m]) > 1'
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: Python GC generation 2 collections high (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
        description: "Python full GC (generation 2) is running too frequently, indicating memory pressure\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"

    # Threshold is a rough default. Adjust based on your application's expected memory footprint.
    - alert: PythonVirtualMemoryHigh
      expr: 'process_virtual_memory_bytes > 4e9'
      for: 5m
      labels:
        severity: warning
      annotations:
        summary: Python virtual memory high (instance {{ $labels.instance }})
        description: "Python process virtual memory is high (> 4GB)\n  VALUE = {{ $value }}\n  LABELS = {{ $labels }}"